Ship & Naval

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Naval organization

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[ Navy ships

Ships of the multinational fleet Combined Task Force-150
Ships of the
multinational fleet Combined Task Force-150
HMCS Vancouver and USS John C Stennis
HMCS Vancouver and USS John C Stennis

Historically, navy ships were primarily intended for warfare. They were
designed to withstand damage and to inflict the same, but only carried munitions
and supplies for the voyage (rather than merchant cargo). Often, other ships
which were not built specifically for warfare, such as the galleon or the armed merchant ships in World War II, did carry
armaments. In more recent times, navy ships have become more specialized and
have included supply ships, troop transports, repair ships, oil tankers and
other logistics support ships as well as combat ships. So long as they are
commissioned, however, they are all "ships".

Modern navy combat ships are generally divided into eight main categories: aircraft carriers, battleships, cruisers, destroyers, frigates, corvettes, submarines, and amphibious assault ships. There are
also support and auxiliary ships, including the minesweeper, patrol boat, and tender. During the age of sail, the ship
categories were divided into the ship of the line, frigate, and sloop-of-war.

Naval ship names are typically prefixed by an abbreviation indicating the
national navy in which they serve. For a list of the prefixes used with ship
names (HMS, USS,
etc.) see ship prefix.

Today ships are significantly faster than in former times, thanks to much
improved propulsion systems. Also, the efficiency of the engines has improved a
lot, in terms of fuel, and of how many sailors it takes to operate them. In
World War II, ships needed to refuel very often. However, today ships can go on
very long journeys without refueling. Also, in World War II, the engine room
needed about a dozen sailors to work the many engines, however, today, only
about 4-5 are needed (depending on the class of the ship). Today, naval strike
groups on longer missions are always followed by a range of support and
replenishment ships supplying them with anything from fuel and munitions, to
medical treatment and postal services. This allows strike groups and combat
ships to remain at sea for several months at a time.

[edit] Navy boats

Many people make the mistake of calling a ship a "boat". The term "boat"
refers to small craft limited in their use by size and usually not capable of
making independent voyages of any length on the high seas. The old navy adage to
differentiate between ships and boats is that boats are capable of being carried
by ships. (Submarines by this rule are ships rather than boats, but are
customarily referred to as boats reflecting their previous smaller size.) The
Navy uses thousands of boats, ranging from 9-foot dinghies to 135-foot landing
craft. They are powered by either diesels, out-board gasoline motors, or
waterjets. Most boats are built of aluminum, fiberglass, or steel. Newer Navy
boats are designed and built using the International System of units (also known
as SI or metric), but older craft were designed using the English units system
(feet, inches etc.)

Standard Boats A standard boat is a small craft carried aboard a ship
to perform various tasks and evolutions.

Landing Craft
These boats, carried by various amphibious ships, are designed to carry troops,
vehicles, or cargo from ship to shore under combat conditions, to unload, to
retract from beach, and to return to the ship. They are especially rugged, with
powerful engines, and they are armed. They are usually referred to by their
designations such as LCPL (landing craft, personnel) LCM (landing craft
mechanized) or LCU (landing craft, utility) rather than by full name. The most
common in today"s Navy are the LCMs. there are two types of LCMs. Both types
have a power operated bow ramp, a cargo well, twin engines, and after structures
that house enginerooms, pilot houses, and stowage compartments. The larger
version, designated LCM-8 and often called "mike 8", is 74 feet long, has a
21-foot beam, and is capable of carrying a heavy tank or 60 tons of cargo. The
LCM-6 ("mike 6") is 56 feet long, has a 14-foot beam and a cargo capacity of 34
tons.

Landing Craft, Air
Cushioned Known as LCAC also most commonly called a hover craft. Floats
on a cushion of air that allows travel over water and land. It can deliver
troops, equipment, and supplies. They are 81 feet long and carry a load more
than 70 tons. Powered by four gas turbine engines, they are capable of speeds as
high as 50 knots.


Work Boats(WB) There are two types of WBs, the 35 foot and the 15
meter (or 50 foot). The 35 foot WB is a twin screw craft with a forward cargo
well and a bow ramp. The 35 foot WB is normally carried on board salvage ships
and is used to assist ships in salvage operations, underwater
exploration,coastal survey, repair of other craft, and cargo transport between
ship to shore. A portable "A frame" is used to assist with cargo handling. The
15 meter (50 foot) WB is a twin screw craft with steel hull construction and is
a shallow draft craft cargo carrier. The 15 meter (50 foot) WB is intended for
general purpose missions and transportation of cargo. the craft has a pilot
house aft and forward cargo well deck.

Rigid hull Inflatable Boats
Known as the RHIB they are versatile boats designed for service as a standard
ship"s boat. The seven meter (24 foot) RHIB is a turbocharged, diesel powered
craft with a glass reinforced plastic (GRP) hull. The hull form is a combination
of a rigid planing hull with an inflatable tube. The craft are manned by three
man crew and are provided with a canvas canopy forward.

Personnel Boats (PE) These are fast, V bottomed, diesel powered boats
with enclosed spaces specifically designed to transport officers, although
smaller types are used for shore party boats, lifeboats, and mail boats. They
come in 8,10, and 12 meter (26,33, and 40 foot) lengths. The 8 meter (26 foot)
boats have one enclosed cabin. The 10 and 12 meter (33 and 40 foot) boats have
enclosed cabins forward and aft, and open cockpits amidships where coxswains
steer by wheel. Those designed for officers are painted haze gray with white
cabins. Those assigned for use by commanding officers, chief of staff, and
squadron, patrol, or division commanders are called gigs and have a red stripe
added just above the waterline. Personnel boats assigned to flag officers
(admirals) are called barges. They have black hulls and a white stripes just
above the waterline.

Utility Boats These boats, varying in length from 18 feet to 15 meters
(50 feet) are mainly cargo and personnel carrier or heavy duty work boats. Many
have been modified for survey work, tending divers, and minesweeping operations.
In ideal weather, a 15 meter(50 foot) UB will carry 146 people, plus crew.
Utility boats are open boats, though many of the larger ones are provided with
canvas canopies. The smaller utility boats are powered by outboard engines. The
larger boats have diesel engines.

Punts These
are open square enders, 14 feet long. They are either rowed or sculled, and are
generally used in port by side cleaners.

Special Boats These boats, used by shore stations and for special
missions, are not normally carried aboard ships a are the standard boats
discussed above. They include line handling boats, buoy boats, aircraft rescue
boats, torpedo retrievers, explosive ordnance disposal craft, utility boats,
dive boats, targets, and various patrol boats. Many standard boats have been
modified for special service.

Mark V Special operations craft
(SOC) This craft is also used for insertion and extraction of special
warfare personnel. The craft is 82 feet long, and has twain diesel engines
driving waterjets. The craft is capable of speeds in excess of 50 knots and is
air deployable.

Patrol
Boats, River (PBR) This is a 31 foot, 25 knots, twin diesel boats with a
fiberglass hull and waterjet pump propulsion that permits it to operate in 15
inches of water. The PBR is highly maneuverable and can reverse course in its
own length. It carries radar, communications equipment, and machine guns

[edit] Navy units

Naval forces are typically arranged into units based on the number of ships
included, a single ship being the smallest operational unit. Ships may be
combined into squadrons or flotillas, which may be formed into fleets. The largest unit size
may be the whole Navy or Admiralty.

[edit] Naval ranks

Main article: Naval officer
ranks

A navy will typically have two sets of ranks, one for enlisted personnel and one for officers.

Typical ranks for commissioned officers include the following, in ascending
order (Commonwealth ranks are listed first on
each line):

"Flag officers" include any rank that includes the word "admiral" (or
commodore), and are generally in command of a battle group or similar flotilla of ships, rather
than a single ship or aspect of a ship. However, commodores can also be
temporary positions. For example, during World War II, a Navy captain was
assigned duty as a convoy commodore, which meant that he was still a captain,
but in charge of all the merchant vessels in the convoy.

Reza & Sintha